History of Communication Essay Example for Free

History of Communication EssayThe history of colloquy dates back to prehistory, with significant changes in communication technologies (media and appropriate memorandum tools) evolving in tandem with shifts in political and economic systems, and by extension, systems of power. Communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange, to full conversations and mass communication. Human communication was revolutionized with speech approximately 100,000 years ago. Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago, and writing in the past few centuries.Petro glyphs The next step in the history of communications is petroglyphs, carvings into a rock surface. It took about 20,000 years for homo sapiens to move from the first cave paintings to the first petroglyphs, which atomic number 18 dated to about 10,000BC. It is possible that the gentlemans gentleman of that time used some opposite forms of communication, often for mnemonic purposes specially arranged stones, symbols car ved in wood or earth, quipu-like ropes, tattoos, but little other than the most durable carved stones has survived to modern times and we can only speculate about their existence based on our observation of still existent hunter-gatherer cultures such as those of Africa or Oceania.Pictograms A pictogram (pictograph) is a symbol representing a concept, object, activity, place or event by illustration. Pictography is a form of proto-writing whereby ideas are genic through drawing. Pictographs were the next step in the evolution of communication the most important difference between petroglyphs and pictograms is that petroglyphs are simply showing an event, but pictograms are telling a story about the event, thus they can for example be ordered in chronological order. Pictograms were used by various old-fashioned cultures all over the world since around 9000 BC, when tokens marked with simple pictures began to be used to label basic farm produce, and become increasingly popular aroun d 6000-5000 BC. They were the basis of cuneiform and hieroglyphs, and began to develop into logographic writing systems around 5000 BC.Ideograms Pictograms, in turn, evolved into ideograms, graphical symbols that represent an idea. Their ancestors, the pictograms, could represent only something resembling their form therefore a pictogram of a circle could represent a sun, but not concepts like heat, light, day or Great God of the Sun. Ideograms, on the other hand, could convey more victimize concepts, so that for example an ideogram of two sticks can mean not only legs but also a verb to walk.Because some ideas are universal, many distinguishable cultures developed similar ideograms. For example an eye with a tear means sadness in Native Americanideograms in California, as it does for the Aztecs, the early Chinese and the Egyptians. Ideograms were precursors of logographic writing systems such as Egyptian hieroglyphs and Chinese characters. Examples of ideographical proto-writing systems, thought not to contain language-specific information, include the Vinca script (see also Trtria tablets) and the early Indus script. In both cases there are claims of decipherment of linguistic content, without wide acceptance.

God Hates Divorce Essay Example for Free

immortal Hates Divorce EssayWhen Adam was alone The LORD God said, It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him .Gen.218. Under marriage covenant man and woman come together to serve a master purpose and a role. Man can serve this purpose and role only if they are united and married. The moment they get break up the unity is undone and they fail to serve the divine purpose and role that God wants them to fulfill while they are married and united. God gave a command to the first checkmate in the Garden of Eden to be fruitful.This command of God only a couple can carry out and the moment they get divorced they fail to carry out this divine command and we fuck off to nurture in mind that this command was given to men before their fall and horizontal after the fall men are bound to keep this command. This shows us how important is this command and why God hates divorce so much. The failure to keep the first command make a motioned the whole human race for generation after generations, the failure to keep this second command will also affect the human race generation after generations and even it will ca workout the mankind to stop be in existence. This is another reason why God hates divorce so much.When men get divorced they forget their first love. Marriage is a love relationship. When man is angry he cannot make a right decision. An angry head cannot evaluate the relationship that was made by a loving heart. Anger makes a man blind and leads him to the bottomless infernal region and that is divorce. Divorce is the worst hell in this world, the moment anyone falls into it he will be separated from his spouse, children, friends and families and from God. This is the darkest pit that will show no compassion and kindness to its victims. Life will be meaningless and worthless. You will be a creature without hope and future. A lonely man cannot succeed in anything he is fruitless and useless to God and to society.All th e sweet memories turn into bitterness. Then it becomes easier for that person to get into more and more sins as there is no one to show him his fault and give account to for all the wrong doings. Divorce affects our relationship with God, our relationship with one another, our relationship with the children and our relationship with the society. God cannot use a divorce person to reflect His glory and to show His image to His people. That person turns into an instrument of devil. There are so many reasons for all well-advised and all knowing God to hate divorce. God with His blank perception can see the infinite danger that lies in divorce. Man cannot see the infinite danger that lies in divorce that is why man can take this decision of divorce without much thinking and considerations.God in His infinite wisdom and knowledge gives us the person that will be best suitable for us. We take it granted that suitable means comfortable. Something could be truly suitable for us but at t he same time it could be very painful and uncomfortable. The spouse you have is always suitable for you because God gave you this spouse. God took this responsibility from the very beginning to give us suitable spouse. The spouse we have is the best nurtureer for us given by God in our life to hear us something that no one can teach and to make us useful for God and for man. It takes a lot of pain, patience, humility and suffering to learn by our spouses to be more like Jesus Christ and God.Every time my wife gets angry with me or sins against me I ask God what lesson do you have to teach me today. Every time I can see that God has something to teach me through her anger. She does the same thing but I learn so many different lessons, at the beginning I get hurt then I rejoice when I can see what God has to teach me today through her anger. Then I feel very sorry for her because she took so much pain and suffering to teach me a lesson that nobody could teach me. Then I began to t hank and praise God for her. We need to see what God wants us to see and to understand what God wants us to understand.God in His sovereignty allows us to go through all the bitter and painful experiences to make us more like Jesus and to draw us close to Him and to teach us how God feels when we sin against Him. We need to learn how to bow down to the sovereignty of God and to stop bow down to sin or to give in to sin. God hates the sin of divorce because He does not like separation or division. Divorce is the worst ingratitude towards Gods greatest place and blessing in our life. The moment we stop giving thanks and praises to God for our spouses we are on the way to be ingratitude for the gift that God by His mercy and kindness gave us.Our noble Jesus suffered and died on the cross and chose to be separated from God to keep us united with one another and with God. Our Lord Jesus chose to suffer and die to keep us united and one. So we must choose to suffer and die to remain un ited, one and married for the interest of our God and Lord Jesus Christ.

Precision System Inc Essay Example for Free

Precision System Inc EssayThe decision that the group would take is to implement a web-based rescript scheme that would leave customers to configure their exhibitions in accordance with the specification that they want. Through this the data entry error will decrease. The obligatory steps for planning the implementation of a web-based ordering system are stated bellow.The first step in implementing this course of action is to determine the objectives of the company. As for our PSI it aims to reduce its error in order entry stage of the business process. The company should alike take into account the customers that will be using the website so that we stinker better design it in accordance with their characteristics and the data information that they would provide as deemed necessary to process an order. We should also take into account the constraints of creating a website such as bandwidth so that we house properly take this into account in the design phase of the web site construction.The second step is to construct metrics that will help in determining the victory or the ill luck of the selected course of action. Such metrics for PSI includes that the incremental cost for the web-based ordering system should not be more than 15.72% of the estimated annual failure cost. This will help the company evaluate whether the enthronement is fulfilling its intended purpose or not.The third step is to define system specifications. PSI should make the features that can be done through the website which comprises of the ordering features for the goods sold by the company. PSI should also specify business requirements which are as follows customer may transport or cancel their order one week from the required delivery date of the equipment after which the order is said to be final, the allowed mode of payments will also be identified, the maximum and minimum orders needed for a certain transaction, and all other policies that the company wants to implem ent.PSI should not forget to identify the role of the customers in this web-base ordering system which is imputing their order specifications and sending the request for the order through the said website. We can use site map or written system requirements depending on the complexity of the specifications the company aims to make. Lastly, we need to identify the infrastructure needed for the system if there is any.The forth step is building a content map. It is where we genuinely identify the text, pictures, sounds, database, and any data form that will be contained in the website that PSI aims to create. The data should be match with the firms specifications so that the content will be appropriate for its intended purpose. It is but necessary in this stage to identify the person who will be responsible for the implementation of this website. PSI should also identify the persons who has the authority to alter the data in the website. To ensure every occasion is in its proper place, a content plan should be develop.The fifth and final step is the appointment of management and maintenance personnel. PSI should identify the person who will be responsible for the overall system so that the website operations can properly be monitored. The maintenance personnel should also be identified due to the fact that we would rather not let the website stale and lose the return on investment that we might have generated if resources were properly use.After the stated steps above, we can now operationalize the plan we have formulated above so that we can rattling have a website that will be able to take the orders of our customers. The steps to be followed under the implementation phase would be stated bellow.The first thing to do is to find a marketer who will create the website for the company at the least amount of economic outflow without sacrificing its quality. In here, PSI and the vendor company should list the tasks assigned to each party so that there is no redun dancy of work. The list of tasks should include the date and time of implementation so that we can ensure that the necessary task to be performed is being accomplished.The second step is preparing the company for change which is not an easy thing to do. People in the organization especially those who might lose their job or have a hard time coping with new systems being installed would naturally pit such a change. That is why a considerable time should be spent to ensure that the people of the organization is ready for any alteration in their normal work environment. The employees of PSI which are currently in the order entry department wont be fired but their right will no longer include that of encoding the orders of the company.The third step is to inform the customers with the web-based ordering system because they are also one of the stakeholders for the change that we are going to implement. Informing them of the modifications will hopefully get them on-board with our decisi on which will make the implementation of the change easier on the companies part.Lastly, we should track our results and modify operations for necessary improvement. We will track the results of the project by comparing the actual from the metrics develop in the planning phase of the study. Through this, we will know where we are and where we are suppose to be. If we are far from our goals we need to check what we are doing wrong and fine-tune the operations. This cycle of improvements never ends as business of today incessantly seeks for improvement.

International and global language

International and globular oral communicationIntroductionDuring the time, human societies across the instauration begin to contact with each others. When we travel to different countries we outhouse find many similarities. The style of living, eating, shopping among bulk of different cultures are in the corresponding way. Mc Donalds restaurants around the world are an example of these similarities. Globalization, which includes these meanings, is the process in which interrelation and interdependence of the world increases, specially in the last two decades. scientific improvements made easy for people to communicate better, for instance through internet they can communicate, travel and do international businesses easily. Globalization has increased opportunities for almost both one. Globalization helps human to exchange the ideas and beliefs. Today, much religion, historic and scientific books are available among different people from different nationalities. In the 21th ce ntury the side run-in plays an important function in the development of globalization. Today slope become an important lyric for communicating. Many people use English words for varies purposes in their daily life. English is the actors line of technology and internet. Without knowing English we cant turn over a successful life. English is a vehicle for participation in the global economy. Parents want their children to rook English to stupefy a better future. By larn English they can enter to the international trade and business.The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. English penetrate into many societies. Over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the worlds population speaks English. The number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers.Know we are going to express why English become an international and global language in the worldAft er industrial revolution in 18th century and also during the 20th century many technological inventions such as telephone, electricity, fax, internet, etc became from English language countries. Countries with the economic and political powers can spread their languages into other countries. There are 3 parts in the world that English spoken in them.Native speaker such as1- England , USA, Canada, New ZealandNon native speaker2- South Africa3-Asia India, Malaysia, PakistanThere is a different view among people in nurture English. Some of them have a positive view and others are negative.Many believe, learning a reinvigorated language would be treating their own language. This idea is beardown(prenominal) especially among those countries which believe English is an imperialism language developed by powerful countries. They believe powerful countries try to impose their language and culture to the world. When a newly language merge to these societies, people realize their identity and respected language is going to be devaluated. In some cases people may look at a person who uses English in speaking as a segregationist or as people who want to corrupt a consonance of people by bringing a new language or they are westernized. Occasionally those people who speak English in a localize context are ostracized by others. They have a negative view about English and English speakers this view is coming from the policy and culture of the political relation which spread it among people.In a society which the majority of people speak a common language and reflexes their identity through this tool, speaking another language is then an unusual phenomenon. In addition the significant point is, the effect of environment on those people who speak English, they avoid using English in a public place, this is because they fear of condemnation and prohibition of their countryman. Many people believe during the time by knowing English, their culture and belief gradually would be change, English bring a power to them. Although others believe by knowing English they can access to information, because today many scientific materials such as books or internet are in English. teaching and learning English is a more complex task. And language learner is a complicated companionable being.ESL speakers are aware of the opportunities that mastering English as the dominant world language can bring to their lives Today English is an important second language and is the official second language and also it is used in the urban cities, in business and commerce and private sector.The view of rejecting English speaking people by some countries sounds to be true about postcolonial countries as Malaysia and some others which have a negative view about learning a new language. In contrast, in some countries knowing and speaking English is considered as a great advantage to be attracted by others. For instance, in Iran the person who is skillful in English is always respe cted by others especially in an academic environment. The students being aware of the need for English as an international language and also the language of technology particularly in 21st century (the age of communication) try to gather around this competent person to get acquire of his/her knowledge. As it pay heeded in above, there is a positive view about learning a global language among the students of Iran. One of the desires of the students and parents in Iran is to be trained in English. Parents register their children from the early age in the English institute hope their children learn English to have a better future. Unfortunately the governing policy is in contrast. The educational system in teaching English has many lines. In recent years there werent any significant ramp up in making a better system in teaching the students of schools. Unfortunately in Iran, the ministry of education doesnt keep any decision. As I mentioned in the previous texts they believe by learning English their culture and identity would be in danger. This policy has damaged in many cases. For example we dont have enough international people in our country. Although Iran is one of the most beautiful countries in the Middle East but the number of people who travel to Iran for socialize and visiting is not suitable. People can sympathise hardly international people in their country, thats why they lose their chance to improve their English by communicate with them. People in Iran wish to be fluent in English but they can hardly achieve to this goal. Many of them try to learn English by their own sources. Speaking and listening skills among the students in Iran is poor. As we know this skills improve by communicating in the social context.Another problem that we have in Iran There are many English books for educational purposes which are available in bookstores, most of them written by foreign author, some of them written by Iranian author. It is believed that Englis h books which is written by foreigner have specialised style and goal and they are not suitable .This books dont cater our specific goals. Definition of constructivism Constructivism is one of the best structures in learning. This theory describes how students can understand the new world and constructs it by connecting their own experiences, those kinds of experiences which they gain during their life time. each(prenominal) of us produces the specific rules and models which arises from our mental use. By designateing and engaging in mental activity we can make new information and knowledge. The purpose of learning among learners is to construct hisher own meaning, not only memorize what others express to them, or imitation someone else meaning. In the school constructivism teacher encourage students to be license and try to give them limit resources and information and led them to retrieve individually in the lessons. Teachers want students to think, explore new hypotheses a nd information. Unfortunately in Iran we can see the learners do not participate in the process of learning. They have a fix curriculum which schools give it to them at the beginning of the year and they have specific books. They necessarily need to learn from the resources which schools give it to them. They cant engage in any other activity. They should listen to what teacher teaches, without challenging in the class.Also one of the beliefs in the constructivism theory is to connect the data and make a new fact. Students in Iran dont have enough background in English language and its culture. They blend learning English from guidance school which is late in the process of learning. As we mentioned, they hardly can see an Englishman and it culture in their country, this lead to a culture shock. When they start learning, every thing is new, both culture and language, so thats why they dont have any information to connect with each other and make a new one. Socio-constructivismIn so cio constructivism, the learners negotiate and share meanings with each other and also teacher. They discuss about the lessons in groups. Students cooperate and express new ideas in the class. Students track down together and build new knowledge in cooperation with one another while benefiting from the knowledge and skill of others. Learning is a social activity .Our learning is associated with others human beings, our teachers, classmate and e.g. Schools in Iran are in contrast. The classes are teacher-center. This means the teacher teaches and students listen without exchanging any information and idea. Students must seat for a long time without participating in any activity. They feel tired after finishing the class. The teachers need to engage students in work group to think about issues and questions. One of the best methods that we see in UKM University in the school of English linguistic study is lectures want students to do assignments in group work these help students to i nteract with their classmates and discuss about their study. By sharing idea and information students create a new meaning and by this way they can understand and memorize better. We have a problem in the university as well as schools. Memorizing is popular in Iran. Students must study the certain books which schools go out them.Social Cognitive Theory, used in psychology, education, and communication, posits that portions of an individuals knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and out-of-door media influences(Wikipedia)Through culture children acquire enough knowledge and they would be able to think. In short, according to the social cognition learning model, culture teaches children both what to think and how to think. Cognitive development can be appearing between students by discussing in the classroom with their classmates. Through discussion they learn to chare experiences and solve their pro blem. As I mentioned in the previous texts, in Iran the role of teachers in the class is only teach the certain book and material. Teachers dont encourage students in work group. Students study individually. They dont have any interaction in the class for learning better.English language in Iran is teaches as a foreign language not as a second language. Teachers have responsibly to give enough motivation to students but unfortunately they dont upkeep to it because they think English couldnt help learners in their social life. indeed they look at English as a foreign language and usually foreign languages and cultures couldnt help people in social life. That why they dont attention to their duties to give motivation to learners and just obey the system of education in Iran. This view causes teachers dont use English well in the class and they mostly mention to grammar. Student in this environment would not learn the culture of English language and skills for speaking and communicat ing.